The following has sections
which have been adapted from an article by Mark Rowe, which was found in
the Independent On Sunday 26th April 1998:
TV slave drama makes port face
its brutal past
A MAJOR BBC drama
series about slavery has revived unease within Bristol about its role in
a trade which saw England transport at least 3.5 million Africans to the
West indies.
Starring Warren Clarke
and Emma Fielding, A Respectable Trade is based upon Philippa Gregory's
novel of the same name about a handful of slaves brought direct from Africa
to be trained as house servants in Bristol.
The dramatisation of the
book was adapted for television by Philippa Gregory herself. For anyone
who doesn't know the story, Bristol in 1787 is booming, from its stinking
docks to its elegant new houses, where Josiah Cole, a small dockside trader
is prepared to gamble everything to join the big players of the city. But
he needs ready cash and a well-connected wife and marriage to Frances Scott
proves to be a mutually convenient solution. Trading her social contacts
for Josiah's protection, Frances finds her life and fortune dependent upon
the respectable trade of sugar, rum and slaves. But then, into her new
world comes Mehuru and, from opposite ends of the earth and despite the
enmity of slavery, Mehuru and Frances confront each other and their need
for liberty.
In reality
the only slaves to come to Bristol were family servants brought home from
the plantations as symbols of wealth. But between 1698 and 1807, when the
trade was abolished, 2,114 slave ships were handled in Bristol. The pre-eminent
slave port in Europe during the 1730s, Bristol accounted in all for 18
percent of the slave trade, compared with Liverpool [48 per cent] and London
[21 per cent].
The effect
on the port, then a small market town, was enormous, with related industries
such as boat building and sail manufacturing moving in. "There was a surge
in house building and brick making, schools and banking. Bristol just rocketed,"
said local historian Annia Summers.
"To invest
in the trade would have been sorely tempting. It was a way to better yourself
and your community."
The 7,000-strong
black community in Bristol, almost exclusively from Jamaica, has welcomed
the series. "This country is ill-informed about slavery," said Ms Summers.
"Slavery has been a symbol of degradation and humiliation when it's about
victims who survived. This series is an affirmation for black people that
they're not making it up: that they haven't got a chip on their shoulder."
Local councillor
Ray Sefia said slavery was always raised in conversations with his community
constituents, of whom a high percentage are of ethnic origin. "Until recently
the issue was brushed under the carpet. No one is saying there needs to
be atonement or blame attributed. If it were discussed, the matter could
be laid to rest."
This is endorsed
by Peter Courtier, director of British Racial Equality Council. "Young
black people in Bristol have strong feelings of anger and bitterness. Elderly
people in the community remember their grandparents who worked on the plantations.
It's very difficult for a black person in Bristol to be unaware of where
the wealth originated."
The key to
the city's slave heritage is sugar and slave trader William Colston. Hugely
generous benefactor, he founded three schools and several almshouses. His
statue in Colston Road was recently daubed with the words "slave trader".
Judith Franklin,
head teacher of Colston's Girls school, where Philippa Gregory studied,
said Colston aroused strong feelings. "Many people benefited from him but
some say he was a wicked old man. It's more complex than that. You have
to accept what he did in the context of his time. Maybe all schools should
look at bringing the issue into the curriculum."
Mr Sefia, who
feels A Respectable Trade does not go far enough in depicting the slaves'
ordeal, said: "He was a great benefactor but we should remember how he
made that money. Perhaps he gave so much to make his peace with God."
Legacies of
the slave trade abound in Bristol. In a Respectable Trade, Josiah Coles
is desperate to move in to Queen Square's Georgian sandstone grandeur,
built in 1727 near the height of the slave trade. The grave of servant
slave Scipio Africanus lies in the northern suburb of Henbury. In central
Corn Street, out side the old commercial rooms, Britannia is pictured counting
her money due from the world: Park Street contains the site of a school
run by anti-slavery campaigner Hannah More.
The city's
Slave Trade Action Group, made up of councillors and race community groups,
launches a slave trade trail next month. "We're not trying to make people
feel guilty. It's history we can learn from," said councillor Pat McLaren.
The trail will
be launched at the Georgian House where scenes of A Respectable Trade were
filmed. It was home to John Pinney , owner of sugar plantations on the
Caribbean island of Nevis. In the visitor's book a schoolgirl, Rachel Williams,
aged 10, has written: "Why are we so ashamed of our past? We should recognise
we did it and learn from our mistakes."